> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ranger-nju.gitbook.io/software-testing-intro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ranger-nju.gitbook.io/software-testing-intro/ch2.md).

# 第二章-基础(1)黑盒白盒测试

按照软件测试用例的设计方法，我们可以从两个细分维度进行分类——静态或是动态，白盒或是黑盒。首先是几种测试方法的定义：

* Dynamic analysis: **execute the program** to see if it behaves correctly
* Static analysis: check the correctness **without executing the program**
* White box testing
  * Test based on **code**
  * 看代码本身
  * Test covers as much **implemented** behaviors as possible
* Black box testing
  * Test based on **specification**
  * 不看代码，看产品规格说明书
  * Test covers as much **specified** behaviors as possible

![](https://1964533161-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-MKVXqbwDe9FvGtStGBP%2Fsync%2F6929e17378073ea5856a40b36b06ff8e53018cf8.png?generation=1604282415283343\&alt=media)

接下来，我们通过一个表格和四个小节详细介绍表格中的四个软件测试方法。

| 测试种类 |  静态  |  动态  |
| :--: | :--: | :--: |
| 白盒测试 | 代码审查 | 结构覆盖 |
| 黑盒测试 | 文档审查 | 功能覆盖 |